How To Legally Certify A Service Dog

(Printer-friendly PDF version | 555 KB)
(Large Print PDF version| 565 KB)

Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and under what weather?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Eye
A plan of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This transmission is dedicated to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and dog teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs make it possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over 10 years. Together they negotiated endless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His adept guiding kept his handler from injury on more than i occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would whatever highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the start dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic shipping to Great Britain, a land that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was built-in in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family unit for almost a year where he learned bones obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would soon face up every bit a guide domestic dog. He then went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safe of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked equally a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler'south family, where he lived with two other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in January 2014.

It is the sincere hope of Pax'south handler that this guide will be useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their extensive preparation, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same admission to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others accept for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may apply service animals and emotional support animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal civil rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, as well every bit instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the last department of this publication. Many states also take laws that provide a unlike definition of service animal. You should check your land'southward law and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of unlike settings every bit the rules and allowances related to access with service animals will vary co-ordinate to the law applied and the setting.

2. Service Animal Defined past Championship 2 and Title III of the ADA

A service animate being means any dog that is individually trained to exercise work or perform tasks for the do good of an private with a disability, including a concrete, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed tin include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a audio, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator push button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals nether Title II and Championship III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed by a service fauna must be directly related to the private's inability. Information technology does not thing if a person has a note from a physician that states that the person has a inability and needs to have the brute for emotional support. A medico's letter does not turn an animal into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA's definition of "service fauna" because they accept been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Domestic dog or Seeing Center® Canis familiaris¹ is a carefully trained dog that serves equally a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a domestic dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deaf when a audio occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting cocky-mutilation past persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory signal dogs or social signal dog) is a dog trained to aid a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (e.k., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person'southward needs. The dog may stand up baby-sit over the person during a seizure or the canis familiaris may go for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in accelerate to sit down or motion to a safe place.

Under Title 2 and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to allow individuals with disabilities to apply miniature horses if they accept been individually trained to practise work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Back up Animals or Comfort Animals are often used as role of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are non considered service animals under the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with low, anxiety, and certain phobias, but practise not have special grooming to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are not limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the apply of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, unremarkably in a clinical setting, to improve their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service beast behaves in an unacceptable style and the person with a disability does not control the animal, a business or other entity does not have to allow the animal onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business has the correct to deny access to a canis familiaris that disrupts their business organisation. For example, a service domestic dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron'due south enjoyment of a picture could be asked to leave the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service fauna when the creature'south behavior poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the brute to be nether the command of the handler.  This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  Nevertheless, in cases where either the handler is unable to concur a tether because of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal's safety, effective performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be under the handler's control past another means, such equally phonation control.²

· The fauna must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service brute, including cleaning upwards after the beast.

· The beast should be vaccinated in accord with state and local laws.

· An entity may also appraise the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or not the equus caballus will be allowed admission to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles 2 and III of the ADA makes information technology clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to any place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Fifty-fifty if the business or public program has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service beast. Service animals are not pets. And so, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service brute enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked about the nature or extent of his disability. Only two questions may be asked:

1. Is the animal required because of a disability?

2. What piece of work or task has the animate being been trained to perform?

These questions should not exist asked, nevertheless, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For instance, the questions may not exist asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility disability.⁴

A public accommodation or facility is non allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed every bit a service animate being. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not apply to service animals.^v

A identify of public accommodation or public entity may non ask an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the impairment they cause, an private with a disability may be charged for damage caused past his or her service animal.^{half dozen}

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a inability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an individual with a disability to have a service animate being or an emotional back up animal accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.^vii In the case of a service animal or an emotional support creature, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to institute the existence of a disability and how the animate being helps the private perform his or her chore.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animal would help the employee in performing task tasks and how the animal is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an accommodation may suggest that the employer permit the animal to accompany them to work on a trial basis.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA) protects a person with a disability from bigotry in obtaining housing. Nether this law, a landlord or homeowner's association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and then that they have an equal opportunity to enjoy and use a dwelling.⁸ Emotional support animals that exercise not qualify as service animals under the ADA may nevertheless qualify every bit reasonable accommodations under the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a disability uses a service animal or an emotional support animal, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.¹⁰ This fauna is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's association may not ask a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. All the same, an private with a inability who requests a reasonable adaptation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner'due south association can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They tin ask a person to certify, in writing, (one) that the tenant or a fellow member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animal to aid the person with that specific inability; and (3) that the animal actually assists the person with a inability.  Information technology is important to continue in listen that the ADA may apply in the housing context equally well, for example with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service creature."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a pupil with a disability who uses a service fauna to accept the animal at school.  In addition, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a educatee to employ an fauna that does non meet the ADA definition of a service animal if that pupil'due south Individual Didactics Program (IEP) or Section 504 squad decides the animate being is necessary for the student to receive a complimentary and appropriate education.  Where the ADA applies, however, schools should exist mindful that the use of a service animal is a right that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Section 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to back-trail students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those coming together the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the determination whether a student may utilize an creature other than a service beast should be fabricated on a case-past-case footing by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary pedagogy settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must permit people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open up to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may accept a policy asking students who use service animals to contact the school'south Inability Services Coordinator to annals as a student with a disability. Higher education institutions may non require any documentation about the training or certification of a service beast. They may, notwithstanding, require proof that a service beast has any vaccinations required past state or local laws that employ to all animals.

eastward) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied admission to transportation, even if in that location is a "no pets" policy. In add-on, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit in a particular spot; no additional fees can exist charged considering the person uses a service animal; and the client does not have to provide advance detect that due south/he will be traveling with a service animal.

The laws apply to both public and individual transportation providers and include subways, stock-still-route buses, Paratransit, rail, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.South. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced that information technology revised its Air Carrier Admission Human activity regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided below to marshal with the changes. While we have the time to update our information, check out a summary of the changes available on DOT's website. Yous can also find some boosted information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection'south article nearly service animals.

The Air Carrier Admission Act (ACAA) requires airlines to allow service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an fauna is a service creature, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or enquire for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the animal. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service animal, they may inquire i of the following:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for yous?

ii. What has your brute been trained to do for you?

iii. Would you describe how the animal performs this task for you? ¹⁵

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional back up animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to establish that they accept a disability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of time to observe out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may exist requested past the airline: Electric current documentation (not more than i yr former) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional stating (1) the passenger has a mental health-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 4); (2) having the animal back-trail the rider is necessary to the rider's mental health or treatment; (three) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental wellness professional and the passenger is under his or her professional care; and (four) the date and type of the mental health professional person's license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a condition of permitting the creature to accompany the passenger in the cabin.

Other animals – Co-ordinate to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of whatsoever kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are free to adopt whatever policy they choose regarding the wagon of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicative requirements (for example, the Creature Welfare Act).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must determine on a case-past-case basis according to factors such as the animal'due south size and weight; state and foreign country restrictions; whether or non the beast would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others; or crusade a cardinal alteration in the motel service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines alee of travel to observe out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such every bit snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are not required to transport animals other than dogs.¹⁸

6. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are not valid reasons for denying admission or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, young man travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to permit plenty infinite for that person to avoid getting shut to the service creature.

Most allergies to animals are caused by directly contact with the fauna. A separated infinite might exist adequate to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an animal, it is the responsibleness of the business or regime entity to find a way to suit both the individual using the service creature and the individual with the allergy.

VII. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does not let "service animals in training" in the cabin of the aircraft because "in grooming" status indicates that they do non however meet the legal definition of service animal. However, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in training vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in grooming aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may exist obligated to permit employees to bring their "service animal in training" into the workplace as a reasonable adaptation, especially if the animal is being trained to assist the employee with piece of work-related tasks. The untrained animal may be excluded, nonetheless, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Two and III of the ADA does not cover "service animals in training" simply several states have laws when they should exist allowed admission.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship II of the ADA covers state and local authorities facilities, activities, and programs. Championship III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title Two and Title Iii Complaints – These tin can be filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.S. Section of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.W.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (5)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be fabricated to the specific federal bureau that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Department 501 and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits bigotry in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with 15 or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Department 504 applies to any plan or entity receiving federal financial assistance.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a land or local fair employment practices bureau that also has jurisdiction over this thing. Complaints may be filed in person, by post, or by telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in near telephone directories under "U.Southward. Regime." For more than data:

http://world wide web.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (vocalization)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency'south Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officeholder within 45 days of an declared Department 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits bigotry on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial assistance. Title II of the ADA applies to housing provided by state or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Section of Housing and Urban Evolution (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://world wide web.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (voice)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Idea), Title Ii of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary education are covered by Title II and Section 504.  Title III of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated past religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are also covered past Department 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can request a due process hearing and a review from the state educational agency if applicative in that state. They also can appeal the state agency's decision to state or federal court. You lot may contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more information contact:

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Section of Education

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Championship Ii of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Role for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Championship II of the ADA and Section 504 as they use to education. Those who have had access denied due to a service beast may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must be filed within 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged bigotry, unless the time for filing is extended for expert cause. Earlier filing an OCR complaint against an establishment, an private may want to discover out about the establishment'southward grievance process and employ that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an individual is non required by police force to use the institutional grievance procedure before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must exist filed with OCR within lx days subsequently the last human activity of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Instruction

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, South.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (vocalism)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

E-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/almost/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Championship 3 Complaints – These may be filed with the Section of Justice.

U.Southward. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Artery, N.West.

Civil Rights Segmentation

Inability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://world wide web.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title Two of the ADA applies to public transportation while Championship 3 of the ADA applies to transportation provided past private entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title 2 and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Office of Ceremonious Rights. For more information, contact:

Director, FTA Role of Ceremonious Rights

Due east Building – fifth Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., Southward.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Course)

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Section of Justice.

U.Due south. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Civil Rights Division

Inability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does non accept to file a complaint with the respective federal agency before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explicate how each type of animal should be treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service problems may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (vocalism) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Section of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a disability consequence must submit their complaint in writing or via e-mail service to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave, Due south.Due east.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions virtually your rights under any of these laws, contact your regional ADA center at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were adult by the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Instruction's National Constitute on Disability and Rehabilitation Enquiry (NIDRR). All the same, those contents do non necessarily stand for the policy of the Section of Education and you should not assume endorsement past the Federal Authorities.

Southwest ADA Eye at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Inquiry Centre
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (vocalism/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Centre is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Enquiry Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Centre is part of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide upwards-to-date data, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Phone call i-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This volume is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Middle would similar to thank Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Lilliputian, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Center 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Manager: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

---

[1] http://world wide web.seeingeye.org

[2] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(iv); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[three] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[5] Encounter 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak five. Aurelia, City of,  C 11-4111-MWB (Due north.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may exist an adaptation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to let an individual who is blind to utilize a guide dog at work, even though the employer would not exist required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.Due south.C. § 3604(f)(three)(B).

[9] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.Northward.D. Mar. xxx, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assistance animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that ameliorate a mental disability."

[x] See Bronk five. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green v. Housing Authority of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[11] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase one Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] Come across "Pet Buying for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations nether the Fair Housing Act: Joint Argument of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Section of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.Southward. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://world wide web.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Private schools that are non operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Section V(a).

[xiv] Sullivan five. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[xv] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(east).

[17] fourteen C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[xviii] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

Posted by: lawrenceutaltorge70.blogspot.com

Share this post